Radium effects onhealth7/14/2023 Radium hydroxide: Readily soluble among alkaline hydroxide.It is used in various physics experiments.As additive in products like toothpaste, hair creams,.Radium is used as additive in products like toothpaste, hair creams and even food items.Radium isotopes are used for cancer treatment.Radium and beryllium were once used as a portable source of neutrons.Most radium compounds are simple ionic compound. Radium and its salts show luminescence and impart a carmine color to flame. Being radioactive it emits alpha and beta particles as well as gamma rays when mixed with beryllium it produces neutron. The sulfate, RaSO 4, is the most insoluble sulfate known, and the hydroxide, Ra (OH) 2, is the most soluble of the alkaline-earth hydroxides. It occurs exclusively as the Ra 2+ ion in all its compounds. It is interacted by water with vigorous evolution of hydrogen and by air with the formation of the nitride. Its compounds display a faint bluish glow in the dark, due to its radioactivity and the electrons release their energy as light when they are de-excited. It forms the colorless Ra 2+ cation in aqueous solution, which is highly basic and does not form complexes readily. Although is the heaviest member of the alkaline-earth group it is the most volatile. Radium is luminescent, corrodes in water to form radium hydroxide. Radium readily oxidizes on exposure to air, and is turned from almost pure white to black. Radium has density 5.5g/cm 3 higher than barium. It is 6 th element in group 2 of periodic table. Melting point 700 C and boiling point 1140 C. Its atomic symbol Ra, atomic number 88, atomic weight 226, solid at room temperature. Radium is silvery, lustrous, soft and radioactive element. Radium is a radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It was derived from Latin word radius which means rays. Radium originally found in pitchblende ore. This makes it the 84 thmost abundant element. Radium has an abundance in the Earth’s crust by weight about 1 part per trillion. Due to the high solubility of its compounds in water, radium is extracted by successive lixiviation of the referred ores. In nature, radium is found in uranium and thorium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite. Today, radium can be obtained as a byproduct of refining uranium and is usually sold as radium chloride (RaCl 2) or radium bromide (RaBr 2) and not as a pure material. They isolated pure radium in 1911, via electrolysis of radium chloride. Radium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie (a Polish and French chemist, respectively). It is a lustrous metal and is widely used in various industry. All rights reserved.Radium is an alkaline earth metal and was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie. Health care resource use Hospitalisation Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) Radium-223 Symptomatic skeletal event.Ĭopyright © 2016 The Authors. Our data suggest that this reduced hospital days along with the survival benefit and reduction in time to SSEs with radium-223 treatment may contribute to improvements in health-related quality-of-life in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases (ALSYMPCA number, NCT00699751.). The reduction in hospitalisation days with radium-223 was observed both before first SSE (2.35 days versus 3.36 days, respectively) and after SSE (7.74 days versus 9.19 days, respectively). There were significantly fewer hospitalisation days per patient for radium-223 (4.44 versus 6.68, respectively, P = 0.004). However, mean number of hospitalisation events per patient was similar (radium-223 0.69 versus placebo 0.79, P = 0.226), likely due to the significantly longer follow-up time for radium-223 (7.82 months versus 6.92 months for placebo P < 0.001). Significantly fewer radium-223 (218/589 37.0%) versus placebo patients (133/292 45.5%) had at least one hospitalisation event (P = 0.016). We assessed health care resource use for the first 12 months post-randomisation. Health care resource use (HCRU), including hospitalisation events and days, were prospectively collected in ALSYMPCA. In the ALSYMPCA trial, radium-223 significantly improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.83, P < 0.001) and prolonged time to first SSE (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.83, P = 0.00037) and subsequent SSE (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83, P = 0.00039) versus placebo in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastases. Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs) commonly occur in patients with bone metastases, often leading to hospitalisations and decreased quality-of-life.
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